A black hole is a region in space where gravity is so strong that nothing—not even light—can escape its pull. It forms when a massive star collapses under its own gravity at the end of its life cycle, compressing its mass into an incredibly small and dense point called a singularity. Surrounding this singularity is the event horizon, the boundary beyond which nothing can return. Black holes come in various sizes, from stellar black holes formed by dying stars to supermassive black holes found at the centers of galaxies, including our own Milky Way. Despite being invisible, black holes can be detected by observing their effects on nearby matter, such as stars orbiting an unseen object or the powerful X-rays emitted as gas and dust spiral inward. Studying black holes helps scientists explore the limits of physics, gravity, and the nature of spacetime itself.
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